Rock art: the body culture of movement before Brazil / Arte rupestre: a cultura corporal do movimento antes do Brasil / Arte rupestre: la cultura del cuerpo del movimiento antes de Brasil

This investigation discusses the relationship between the body culture of movement and two rock art scenes located in the Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, (Serra da Capivara National Park) - PNSC, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The scenes depict a flic flac and a human pyramid, which have been accepted in contemporaneity as gymnastics and acrobatics. An interdisciplinary theoretical apparatus based on Physical Education and its relationships with Archeology and Anthropology was used in the analysis. The analysis is based on inferences, as nothing guarantees that the hands that portrayed the scenes had the same intentions as the authors of the research. One of the findings understands that motor skills helped the daily demands of adversity for the survival of the group. In another point of view, based on the Ilinx concept, flic flac satisfies the search for a trance/vertigo vital to ritualistic liturgy, and the human pyramid serves the imperative task of consolidating cooperative bonds and trust between its members in a hostile environment. (AU)

A investigação discute as relações entre duas artes rupestres - flic flac e a pirâmide humana -, admitidas na contemporaneidade como ginástica e acrobacia, localizadas no Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara - PNSC, no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, e a cultura corporal do movimento. Utilizou-se de um aparato teórico interdisciplinar fundamentado na Educação Física e suas relações com a Arqueologia e Antropologia na análise. Trata-se de inferências, pois nada garante que as mãos que retrataram as cenas tinham a intencionalidade dos autores da pesquisa. Uma das ilações entende que as habilidades motoras auxiliavam as demandas do cotidiano de adversidades para sobrevivência do grupo. Por outro prisma, a partir do conceito de Ilinx, o flic flac atende a busca de um transe/vertigem vital a liturgia ritualística, e, a pirâmide humana serve a imperiosa tarefa de consolidar os laços cooperativos e de confiança entre os seus membros em um ambiente hostil. (AU)

Esta investigación discute la relación entre la cultura corporal del movimiento y dos escenas de arte rupestre ubicadas en el Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara/PNSC, en el estado de Piauí, Brasil. Las escenas representan flic flac y pirámide humana, que han sido aceptadas en la contemporaneidad como gimnasia y acrobacia. Se utilizó en el análisis un aparato teórico interdisciplinario basado en la Educación Física y sus relaciones con la Arqueología y la Antropología. El análisis se basa en inferencias, nada garantiza que las manos que retrataron las escenas tuvieran las mismas intenciones que los autores de la investigación. Uno de los hallazgos comprende que la motricidad ayudó a las exigencias diarias de la adversidad para la supervivencia del grupo. En otro punto de vista, basado en el concepto Ilinx, flic flac satisface la búsqueda de trance/vértigo vital para la liturgia ritualista, y la pirámide humana cumple la tarea imperativa de consolidar lazos de cooperación y confianza entre sus miembros en un ambiente hostil. (AU)

Ochratoxigenic fungi associated with green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) in conventional and organic cultivation in Brazil

The genera Aspergillus comprises species that produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins and patulin. These are cosmopolitan species, natural contaminants of agricultural products. In coffee grains, the most important Aspergillus species in terms of the risk of presenting mycotoxins belong to the genera Aspergillus Section Circumdati and Section Nigri. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of isolated ochratoxigenic fungi of coffee grains from organic and conventional cultivation from the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as to evaluate which farming system presents higher contamination risk by ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by fungi. Thirty samples of coffee grains (Coffea arabica L.) were analysed, being 20 of them of conventional coffee grains and 10 of them organic. The microbiological analysis was done with the Direct Plating Technique in a Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC) media. The identification was done based on the macro and micro morphological characteristics and on the toxigenic potential with the Plug Agar technique. From the 30 samples analysed, 480 filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus of the Circumdati and Nigri Sections were isolated. The ochratoxigenic species identified were: Aspergillus auricoumus, A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, A. niger and A. niger Aggregate. The most frequent species which produces ochratoxin A among the isolated ones was A. ochraceus, corresponding to 89.55%. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of ochratoxigenic A. ochreceus between the conventional and organic cultivation systems, which suggests that the contamination risk is similar for both cultivation systems.